Motorizing pathogens

Pathogens

A long-standing question in immunity is how the host detects pathogens. Since many microbes are also beneficial for the host, accurate discrimination between non-pathogens and pathogens is important. Traditionally, the microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) are thought to induce the innate immune response via the Toll-like receptor signaling. Since many patho-genic as well as nonpathogen...

Biocontrol strategy, Compost, Soil-borne pathogens management

The effect of different compost-soil ratios on the incidence of Pythium aphanidermatum causing tomato damping off was tested in a greenhouse experiment. The inoculum density of 5% was determined to be suitable for inoculation in compost experiments based on investigations of disease incidence with 5, 10 and 20% inoculum densities. To evaluate the effect of compost on incidence of tomato damping...

Opportunistic Premise Plumbing Pathogens: Increasingly Important Pathogens in Drinking Water

Opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens are responsible for a significant number of infections whose origin has been traced to drinking water. These opportunistic pathogens represent an emerging water borne disease problem with a major economic cost of at least $1 billion annually. The common features of this group of waterborne pathogens include: disinfectant-resistance, pipe surface adherenc...

Foodborne Pathogens In

National Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China; △ Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong, China; Guangxi Regional Center for Disease Control And Prevention, Nanning 530028, Guangxi, China; Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051,...

Alveolar Macrophages Transport Pathogens